Quickstart: Raspbian (Raspberry Pi) Common Errors

-  FAT-fs (mmcblk0p1): Volume was not properly unmounted

Reason: (http://lkml.org/lkml/2013/5/6/342) dosfstools should be at least v3.0.14, the current version is: 3.0.13-1
How to: (http://www.tuxlog.de/raspberrypi/2014/raspberry-pi-volume-not-properly-unmounted/)

sudo umount /boot
sudo git clone http://daniel-baumann.ch/git/software/dosfstools.git
sudo cd dosfstools
sudo make
sudo ./fsck.fat -V /dev/mmcblk0p1

0x25: Dirty bit is set. Fs was not properly unmounted and some data may be corrupt.
1) Remove dirty bit
2) No action
? 1

sudo ./fsck.fat -a /dev/mmcblk0p1
sudo mount /boot

(Updating...)

Border Router with Raspberry Pi for LLN with TelosBs

This tutorial aims to create a IPv6 Low-power and Lossy Network (LLN) of TelosB motes with a Rapsberry Pi (RPi) as a border router (LBR) to connect to other IPv6 networks. RPi is configured for routing traffic from the LLN to other IPv6 networks by creating a TUN network interface. An alternative to setup a LLN is to configure a bridge (TAP) as in Cetic-6LBR (https://github.com/cetic/6lbr/)

We are going to have two IPv6 networks associated to two network interfaces of the LBR RPi as shown in Fig.1.

Fig.1: Deployment

LBR
- eth0: bbbb::1/64 (Physical Ethernet interface to normal IPv6 network)
- tun0: aaaa::1/64 (TUN interface to LLN)

IPv6 Network:
- bbbb::2

LLN:
- aaaa::212:7400:13cb:44 (slip-radio)
- aaaa::212:7400:13cb:101a
- aaaa::212:7400:13ca:f3ac

1. LLN Network (see here)

- Flash radio-slip mote (contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/slip-radio) to use as an IEEE 802.15.4 interface
- Flash other TelosB for LLN nodes (e.g., contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/udp-server)

2. IPv6 Network
- Configure a machine with bbbb::/64 address (example with a Linux)
# sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet6 static
address bbbb::2
netmask 64
gateway bbbb::100 (border router address)

(you may need to deactivate other network interfaces to check if it works properly)

3. RPi Border Router
Prepare RPi OS
- Download Raspbian

- Create a boot disk using SD card (>4G) using Win32 DiskImager
(Check here for Raspbian essentials)

- Plug radio-slip mote to RPi, recognized as /dev/ttyUSB0

- Enable IPv6 module?

# sudo modprobe ipv6
or to automatically enable it at boot, add ipv6 on a line at the end of /etc/modules.

- Enable IPv6 forwarding
# sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

or edit /etc/sysctl.conf uncomment the line: net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

- Configure IPv6 address for eth0
# sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet6 static
address bbbb::1
netmask 64

- Download contiki-2.7 source
- Go to examples/ipv6/native-border-router
- Fix source and build 
# vi border-router.c, line 161: remove ; (contiki 2.7 bug)
# vi slip-config.c, line 76: change -1 to 255 (RPi kernel??)
# make

- Run border router
# sudo modprobe ipv6 (optional)
# sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1 (optional)
# sudo ./border-router.native -L -v6 aaaa::1/64 (debug, ttyUSB0, 115200)

Autostart the border-router.native by adding it to /etc/rc.local (optional)
path_to_border-router.native aaaa::1/64

ex: /home/pi/contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/native-border-router/border-router.native aaaa::1/64 &

4. Test

From IPv6 network computer ping to LLN
Ping: ping6 aaaa::212:7400:13cb:101a
Web browser: aaaa::212:7400:13cb:44

Quickstart: Raspbian (Raspberry Pi) Essentials

Prepare booting SD card
SD card > 4G, http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/installing-images/README.md

Example with Raspbian
- Download: http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_latest
- Download the Win32DiskImager utility from Sourceforge Project
- Make booting SD card from the downloaded image using Win32DiskImager

USB Serial Console (no need a monitor and keyboard)
https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-5-using-a-console-cable/overview


VNC Server
http://elinux.org/RPi_VNC_Server

Youtube player
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/whitey

Enable IPv6
Easy. sudo modprobe ipv6 will enable it immediately. If you want it to automatically be enabled at boot, just add ipv6 on a line by itself at the end of /etc/modules.  

Tips
- SD card will appears in Windows only with its boot partition, which is few hundred kb
- If Ethernet doesn't work, check power source using official cable

Light sensing with TelosB

A small application to demonstrate IP networking in smart objects: Light sensing with TelosB motes + Contiki OS + uIP stacks.

Equipment needed
- 02 TelosB motes
- 01 gateway machine: Java supported, USB port

Setup
- 01 mote is connected to the gateway as a sink node to receive data from the other mote. It is an UDP server to print the received data to serial port
- 01 motes frequently collect light intensity and send it to the sink node if the intensity changes dramatically (higher than a predefined THRESHOLD = 2). It is an UDP client to send data
- Gateway: Using serialdump* tool to get data from the sink node's serial port and a Java client running to capture these data.

Source code
https://github.com/sonhan/ipsensorcollect

Demo

The bottom panel gets darker if  light intensity reduces

Contiki OS 2.7 Cooja Serial Device with serial2pty

Create a virtual serial device for Cooja motes under /dev/pts/[id]

1. Download
https://github.com/cmorty/cooja-serial2pty
2. Update code with new Cooja class names (if not updated) in Serial2Pty.java

- Change package org.contikios.cooja to se.sics.cooja
import se.sics.cooja.*;
import se.sics.cooja.interfaces.SerialPort;
- Change class Cooja to GUI

A modified code can be found here: https://github.com/sonhan/cooja-serial2pty

3. Build
copy to /contiki/cooja/apps/serial2pty
ant jar
cooja > Settings -> Cooja Extensions... > Select the serial2pty app

4. Test
- Restart Cooja if needed
- Right click on the mote > Mote tools for Test Node > Serial 2 Pty > it shows the serial device (e.g., /dev/pts/10
- Open a Terminal:

#cd contiki
#sudo make login TARGET=sky MOTES=/dev/pts/10 (for a simulated Sky mote)

Contiki OS: RPL Network Setup 2

One mote can be used as a wireless interface (IEEE 802.15.4), host machine as Border Router to  bridge the wireless IPv6 network (e.g., LLN) to outside network, and the Internet.

InstantContiki 2.7 or any machine with Contiki-2.7 and TI MSP430 toolchain (See here)

1. slip-radio (mote 1 as an IEEE 802.15.4 interface)
#cd contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/slip-radio
#make TARGET=sky
#sudo make TARGET=sky slip-radio.upload

2. UDP servers or any IPv6 service (motes 2..n)
#cd contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/rpl-udp
#make TARGET=sky
#sudo make TARGET=sky udp-server.upload

3. Host machine (Linux)
 #cd contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/native-border-router
#make [TARGET=native]
#sudo ./border-router.native -L -v6 aaaa::1/64
*default: -s ttyUSB0 (serial device) -B 115200 (baud rate) -t tun0 (name of interface)

Cooja:  sudo ./border-router.native -a 127.0.0.1 -v6 aaaa::1/64
(enable Serial  Socket Server in the Cooja node used as the wireless interface)

[Contiki 2.7 Release Error] border-router.c:161:28: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘;’ token. 
Just delete the ';'

4. Test
ping6 aaaa::212:7400:13cb:44 (mote 1, wireless interface)
ping6 aaaa::212:7400:13ca:fee4 (mote 2)
ping6 aaaa::212:7400:13cb:34fa (mote 3)

Firefox: http://[aaaa::212:7400:13cb:44]

Contiki OS: Handy Commands and Tools (TelosB)

Linux
#make TARGET=sky savetarget (save target)
#make [TARGET=sky] motelist (list of attached motes)
#sudo [TARGET=sky] make login (mote console)
#make [TARGET=sky] MOTES=/dev/ttyUSB1 (target at the motes /dev/ttyUSB1)
#sudo make [MOTES=/dev/ttyUSB1] name_of_program.upload (upload to [ttyUSB1]) 


Windows
cd tools\sky
motelist-windows.exe (list of attached motes)
serialdump-windows.exe -b115200 /dev/com5 (mote console of COM5 mote, baud rate 115200)

TelosB driver:  FTDI
http://www.ftdichip.com/FTDrivers.htm

Contiki OS: Run Contiki Collect View tool on Windows, Linux

Collect View is a Contiki tool to collect and visualize data from a mote (including energy consumption)

Requirements
- 01 Host machine (Windows or Linux TI MSP430 toolchain)
- 02 TelosB motes

Motes setup
- Use InstantContiki or Linux with TI MSP430 toolchain (see here)
- Connect 02 motes
- Build and upload udp-sink (sink node) and udp-sender (send node
cd examples/ipv6/rpl-collect
make PERIOD=10 (sending every 10sec) if this doesn't work change in the source file collect-common.c #define PERIOD 10

make TARGET=sky MOTES=/dev/ttyUSB0 udp-sink.upload
make TARGET=sky MOTES=/dev/ttyUSB1 udp-sender.upload

Windows environment setup
- Download Contiki source (contiki-2.7)
- Download ANT and extract to a folder (E:\dev\apache-ant-1.9.3)
- Add System Environment variable ANT_HOME=E:\dev\apache-ant-1.9.3
- Add %ANT_HOME%\bin to your PATH

build.xml fix (for Windows)
- Remove the collect-view-shell.ihex part (it is used to compile collect example and copy to the dist folder)
<target name="collect-view-shell.ihex"
<target name="dist" depends="jar,collect-view-shell.ihex">

Go and rock
- Connect sink node to the host machin
- Run Terminal or cmd (Windows with administrator)

cd contiki-2.7\tools\collect-view
ant (building)
cd dist
java -jar collect-view.jar /dev/com6 (Windows, COM6 is the device port)
sudo java -jar collect-view.jar /dev/ttyUSB0 (Linux, ttyUSB0 is the device port)

Click Start Collect

Contiki OS: TelosB Toolchain TI MSP430 Installation Ubuntu + Cygwin (Windows)

Official Website

http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/mspgcc/index.php?title=MSPGCC_Wiki 

Ubuntu

Install libncurses
$ sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

Install msp430 toolchain
$ sudo apt-get install msp430-libc mspdebug msp430mcu binutils-msp430 gcc-msp430 gdb-msp430

[ia32-libs]

Cygwin

Make sure rpm package is installed (Run setup again, under util if rpm cannot be found)

Contiki OS: RPL Network Setup 1

One mote can be used as a Border Router to bridge the wireless IPv6 network (e.g., LLN) to a PC via serial link. By which, the IPv6 network traffic can reach outside network, and the Internet.

InstantContiki 2.7 or any machine with Contiki-2.7 and TI MSP430 toolchain (See here)

1. Border router (mote 1)
#cd contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/rpl-border-router
#make TARGET=sky
#sudo make TARGET=sky border-router.upload

2. UDP servers (motes 2..n) or any IPv6 service
#cd contiki-2.7/examples/ipv6/rpl-udp
#make TARGET=sky
#sudo make TARGET=sky udp-server.upload

3. Host machine 

- Linux using tunslip6 (with mote 1 connected as ttyUSB0)

#cd contiki-2.7/tools
#make tunslip6
#sudo ./tunslip6 -s /dev/ttyUSB0 aaaa::1/64

Cooja: sudo ./tunslip6 -a 127.0.0.1 aaaa::1/64
(enable Serial  Socket Server in the Cooja node used as the wireless interface)

- Windows using wpcapslip6 (with mote 1 connected as COM5)
Run cmd (Admin)
ifconfig /all --> find a working network interface (e.g.,Virtual Box Network Interface), MAC address: 00-50-56-C0-00-01
cd tools\stm32w\wpcapslip6
wpcapslip6 -s /dev/com5 -b aaaa:: -a aaaa::1/64 00-50-56-C0-00-01 (COM5 is where the mote is connected, check in Device Manager)

4. Test
ping6 aaaa::212:7400:13cb:44 (mote 1, border router)
ping6 aaaa::212:7400:13ca:fee4 (mote 2)
ping6 aaaa::212:7400:13cb:34fa (mote 3)


Firefox: http://[aaaa::212:7400:13cb:44]